Converted fractional, fixed integral

Added a test, simplified another and added
a lot of TODO's.

Makefile

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-WABT_DIR := /home/johan/sources/github.com/WebAssembly/wabt
-
-WAT2WASM := $(WABT_DIR)/bin/wat2wasm
-WASM2C := $(WABT_DIR)/bin/wasm2c
+WAT2WASM := venv/bin/python wat2wasm.py
 
 %.wat: %.py $(shell find phasm -name '*.py') venv/.done
 	venv/bin/python -m phasm $< $@
@@ -15,12 +12,6 @@ WASM2C := $(WABT_DIR)/bin/wasm2c
 %.wasm: %.wat
 	$(WAT2WASM) $^ -o $@
 
-%.c: %.wasm
-	$(WASM2C) $^ -o $@
-
-# %.exe: %.c
-# 	cc $^ -o $@ -I $(WABT_DIR)/wasm2c
-
 examples: venv/.done $(subst .py,.wasm,$(wildcard examples/*.py)) $(subst .py,.wat.html,$(wildcard examples/*.py)) $(subst .py,.py.html,$(wildcard examples/*.py))
 	venv/bin/python3 -m http.server --directory examples
 
@@ -31,10 +22,10 @@ lint: venv/.done
 	venv/bin/ruff check phasm tests
 
 typecheck: venv/.done
-	venv/bin/mypy --strict phasm tests/integration/helpers.py tests/integration/runners.py
+	venv/bin/mypy --strict phasm wat2wasm.py tests/integration/helpers.py tests/integration/runners.py
 
 venv/.done: requirements.txt
-	python3.10 -m venv venv
+	python3.12 -m venv venv
 	venv/bin/python3 -m pip install wheel pip --upgrade
 	venv/bin/python3 -m pip install -r $^
 	touch $@

README.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ make lint typecheck
 
 To compile a Phasm file:
 ```sh
-python3.10 -m phasm source.py output.wat
+python3.12 -m phasm source.py output.wat
 ```
 
 Additional required tools

TODO.md

@@ -10,3 +10,20 @@
 - Storing u8 in memory still claims 32 bits (since that's what you need in local variables). However, using load8_u / loadu_s we can optimize this.
 - Implement a FizzBuzz example
 - Also, check the codes for FIXME and TODO
+- Allocation is done using pointers for members, is this desired?
+
+- Merge in type classes
+
+- test_bitwise_or_inv_type
+- test_bytes_index_out_of_bounds vs static trap(?)
+- test_num.py is probably best as part of the generator?
+- Find pytest.mark.skip
+- There's a weird resolve_as reference in calculate_alloc_size
+  - Either there should be more of them or less
+  - At first glance, looks like failure in the typing system
+  - Related to the FIXME in phasm_type3?
+- WEBASSEMBLY_BUILTIN_FLOAT_OPS and WEBASSEMBLY_BUILTIN_BYTES_OPS are special cased
+  - Should be part of a prelude
+- Casting is not implemented except u32 which is special cased
+- Parser is putting stuff in ModuleDataBlock
+  - Compiler should probably do that

examples/crc32.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# CRC-32/ISO-HDLC
+#
 # #include <inttypes.h> // uint32_t, uint8_t
 #
 # uint32_t CRC32(const uint8_t data[], size_t data_length) {

phasm/codestyle.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ It's intented to be a "any color, as long as it's black" kind of renderer
 from typing import Generator
 
 from . import ourlang
+from .type3 import typeclasses as type3classes
 from .type3 import types as type3types
 from .type3.types import TYPE3_ASSERTION_ERROR, Type3, Type3OrPlaceholder
 
@@ -103,7 +104,12 @@ def expression(inp: ourlang.Expression) -> str:
         return f'{inp.operator}{expression(inp.right)}'
 
     if isinstance(inp, ourlang.BinaryOp):
-        return f'{expression(inp.left)} {inp.operator} {expression(inp.right)}'
+        if isinstance(inp.operator, type3classes.Type3ClassMethod):
+            operator = inp.operator.name
+        else:
+            operator = inp.operator
+
+        return f'{expression(inp.left)} {operator} {expression(inp.right)}'
 
     if isinstance(inp, ourlang.FunctionCall):
         args = ', '.join(

phasm/compiler.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 This module contains the code to convert parsed Ourlang into WebAssembly code
 """
 import struct
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional
 
 from . import codestyle, ourlang, wasm
 from .runtime import calculate_alloc_size, calculate_member_offset
 from .stdlib import alloc as stdlib_alloc
 from .stdlib import types as stdlib_types
+from .type3 import typeclasses as type3classes
 from .type3 import types as type3types
 from .wasmgenerator import Generator as WasmGenerator
 
@@ -25,6 +26,55 @@ LOAD_STORE_TYPE_MAP = {
     'bytes': 'i32', # Bytes are passed around as pointers
 }
 
+# For now this is nice & clean, but this will get messy quick
+# Especially once we get functions with polymorphying applied types
+INSTANCES = {
+    type3classes.Eq.operators['==']: {
+        'a=u8': stdlib_types.u8_eq_equals,
+        'a=u32': stdlib_types.u32_eq_equals,
+        'a=u64': stdlib_types.u64_eq_equals,
+        'a=i8': stdlib_types.i8_eq_equals,
+        'a=i32': stdlib_types.i32_eq_equals,
+        'a=i64': stdlib_types.i64_eq_equals,
+        'a=f32': stdlib_types.f32_eq_equals,
+        'a=f64': stdlib_types.f64_eq_equals,
+    },
+    type3classes.Fractional.operators['/']: {
+        'a=f32': stdlib_types.f32_fractional_div,
+        'a=f64': stdlib_types.f64_fractional_div,
+    },
+    type3classes.Integral.methods['div']: {
+        'a=u32': stdlib_types.u32_integral_div,
+        'a=u64': stdlib_types.u64_integral_div,
+        'a=i32': stdlib_types.i32_integral_div,
+        'a=i64': stdlib_types.i64_integral_div,
+    },
+    type3classes.Num.operators['+']: {
+        'a=u32': stdlib_types.u32_num_add,
+        'a=u64': stdlib_types.u64_num_add,
+        'a=i32': stdlib_types.i32_num_add,
+        'a=i64': stdlib_types.i64_num_add,
+        'a=f32': stdlib_types.f32_num_add,
+        'a=f64': stdlib_types.f64_num_add,
+    },
+    type3classes.Num.operators['-']: {
+        'a=u32': stdlib_types.u32_num_sub,
+        'a=u64': stdlib_types.u64_num_sub,
+        'a=i32': stdlib_types.i32_num_sub,
+        'a=i64': stdlib_types.i64_num_sub,
+        'a=f32': stdlib_types.f32_num_sub,
+        'a=f64': stdlib_types.f64_num_sub,
+    },
+    type3classes.Num.operators['*']: {
+        'a=u32': stdlib_types.u32_num_mul,
+        'a=u64': stdlib_types.u64_num_mul,
+        'a=i32': stdlib_types.i32_num_mul,
+        'a=i64': stdlib_types.i64_num_mul,
+        'a=f32': stdlib_types.f32_num_mul,
+        'a=f64': stdlib_types.f64_num_mul,
+    },
+}
+
 def phasm_compile(inp: ourlang.Module) -> wasm.Module:
     """
     Public method for compiling a parsed Phasm module into
@@ -44,6 +94,11 @@ def type3(inp: type3types.Type3OrPlaceholder) -> wasm.WasmType:
     if inp == type3types.none:
         return wasm.WasmTypeNone()
 
+    if inp == type3types.bool_:
+        # WebAssembly stores booleans as i32
+        # See e.g. f32.eq, which is [f32 f32] -> [i32]
+        return wasm.WasmTypeInt32()
+
     if inp == type3types.u8:
         # WebAssembly has only support for 32 and 64 bits
         # So we need to store more memory per byte
@@ -92,14 +147,6 @@ def type3(inp: type3types.Type3OrPlaceholder) -> wasm.WasmType:
 
     raise NotImplementedError(type3, inp)
 
-# Operators that work for i32, i64, f32, f64
-OPERATOR_MAP = {
-    '+': 'add',
-    '-': 'sub',
-    '*': 'mul',
-    '==': 'eq',
-}
-
 U8_OPERATOR_MAP = {
     # Under the hood, this is an i32
     # Implementing Right Shift XOR, OR, AND is fine since the 3 remaining
@@ -120,7 +167,6 @@ U32_OPERATOR_MAP = {
     '^': 'xor',
     '|': 'or',
     '&': 'and',
-    '/': 'div_u' # Division by zero is a trap and the program will panic
 }
 
 U64_OPERATOR_MAP = {
@@ -133,7 +179,6 @@ U64_OPERATOR_MAP = {
     '^': 'xor',
     '|': 'or',
     '&': 'and',
-    '/': 'div_u' # Division by zero is a trap and the program will panic
 }
 
 I32_OPERATOR_MAP = {
@@ -141,7 +186,6 @@ I32_OPERATOR_MAP = {
     '>': 'gt_s',
     '<=': 'le_s',
     '>=': 'ge_s',
-    '/': 'div_s' # Division by zero is a trap and the program will panic
 }
 
 I64_OPERATOR_MAP = {
@@ -149,15 +193,6 @@ I64_OPERATOR_MAP = {
     '>': 'gt_s',
     '<=': 'le_s',
     '>=': 'ge_s',
-    '/': 'div_s' # Division by zero is a trap and the program will panic
-}
-
-F32_OPERATOR_MAP = {
-    '/': 'div' # Division by zero is a trap and the program will panic
-}
-
-F64_OPERATOR_MAP = {
-    '/': 'div' # Division by zero is a trap and the program will panic
 }
 
 def tuple_instantiation(wgn: WasmGenerator, inp: ourlang.TupleInstantiation) -> None:
@@ -303,6 +338,30 @@ def expression(wgn: WasmGenerator, inp: ourlang.Expression) -> None:
         expression(wgn, inp.right)
 
         assert isinstance(inp.type3, type3types.Type3), type3types.TYPE3_ASSERTION_ERROR
+
+        if isinstance(inp.operator, type3classes.Type3ClassMethod):
+            type_var_map: Dict[type3classes.TypeVariable, type3types.Type3] = {}
+
+            for type_var, arg_expr in zip(inp.operator.signature, [inp.left, inp.right, inp]):
+                if not isinstance(type_var, type3classes.TypeVariable):
+                    # Fixed type, not part of the lookup requirements
+                    continue
+
+                assert isinstance(arg_expr.type3, type3types.Type3), type3types.TYPE3_ASSERTION_ERROR
+                type_var_map[type_var] = arg_expr.type3
+
+            instance_key = ','.join(
+                f'{k.letter}={v.name}'
+                for k, v in type_var_map.items()
+            )
+
+            instance = INSTANCES.get(inp.operator, {}).get(instance_key, None)
+            if instance is not None:
+                instance(wgn)
+                return
+
+            raise NotImplementedError(inp.operator, instance_key)
+
         # FIXME: Re-implement build-in operators
         # Maybe operator_annotation is the way to go
         # Maybe the older stuff below that is the way to go
@@ -315,56 +374,27 @@ def expression(wgn: WasmGenerator, inp: ourlang.Expression) -> None:
         if operator_annotation == '(<) :: u64 -> u64 -> bool':
             wgn.add_statement('i64.lt_u')
             return
-        if operator_annotation == '(==) :: u64 -> u64 -> bool':
-            wgn.add_statement('i64.eq')
-            return
 
         if inp.type3 == type3types.u8:
             if operator := U8_OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
                 wgn.add_statement(f'i32.{operator}')
                 return
         if inp.type3 == type3types.u32:
-            if operator := OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'i32.{operator}')
-                return
             if operator := U32_OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
                 wgn.add_statement(f'i32.{operator}')
                 return
         if inp.type3 == type3types.u64:
-            if operator := OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'i64.{operator}')
-                return
             if operator := U64_OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
                 wgn.add_statement(f'i64.{operator}')
                 return
         if inp.type3 == type3types.i32:
-            if operator := OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'i32.{operator}')
-                return
             if operator := I32_OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
                 wgn.add_statement(f'i32.{operator}')
                 return
         if inp.type3 == type3types.i64:
-            if operator := OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'i64.{operator}')
-                return
             if operator := I64_OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
                 wgn.add_statement(f'i64.{operator}')
                 return
-        if inp.type3 == type3types.f32:
-            if operator := OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'f32.{operator}')
-                return
-            if operator := F32_OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'f32.{operator}')
-                return
-        if inp.type3 == type3types.f64:
-            if operator := OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'f64.{operator}')
-                return
-            if operator := F64_OPERATOR_MAP.get(inp.operator, None):
-                wgn.add_statement(f'f64.{operator}')
-                return
 
         raise NotImplementedError(expression, inp.operator, inp.left.type3, inp.right.type3, inp.type3)
 
@@ -399,6 +429,30 @@ def expression(wgn: WasmGenerator, inp: ourlang.Expression) -> None:
         for arg in inp.arguments:
             expression(wgn, arg)
 
+        if isinstance(inp.function, type3classes.Type3ClassMethod):
+            # FIXME: Duplicate code with BinaryOp
+            type_var_map = {}
+
+            for type_var, arg_expr in zip(inp.function.signature, inp.arguments + [inp]):
+                if not isinstance(type_var, type3classes.TypeVariable):
+                    # Fixed type, not part of the lookup requirements
+                    continue
+
+                assert isinstance(arg_expr.type3, type3types.Type3), type3types.TYPE3_ASSERTION_ERROR
+                type_var_map[type_var] = arg_expr.type3
+
+            instance_key = ','.join(
+                f'{k.letter}={v.name}'
+                for k, v in type_var_map.items()
+            )
+
+            instance = INSTANCES.get(inp.function, {}).get(instance_key, None)
+            if instance is not None:
+                instance(wgn)
+                return
+
+            raise NotImplementedError(inp.function, instance_key)
+
         wgn.add_statement('call', '${}'.format(inp.function.name))
         return
 

phasm/ourlang.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union
 
 from typing_extensions import Final
 
+from .type3 import typeclasses as type3typeclasses
 from .type3 import types as type3types
 from .type3.types import PlaceholderForType, StructType3, Type3, Type3OrPlaceholder
 
@@ -149,11 +150,11 @@ class BinaryOp(Expression):
     """
     __slots__ = ('operator', 'left', 'right', )
 
-    operator: str
+    operator: Union[str, type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod]
     left: Expression
     right: Expression
 
-    def __init__(self, operator: str, left: Expression, right: Expression) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, operator: Union[str, type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod], left: Expression, right: Expression) -> None:
         super().__init__()
 
         self.operator = operator
@@ -169,10 +170,10 @@ class FunctionCall(Expression):
     """
     __slots__ = ('function', 'arguments', )
 
-    function: 'Function'
+    function: Union['Function', type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod]
     arguments: List[Expression]
 
-    def __init__(self, function: 'Function') -> None:
+    def __init__(self, function: Union['Function', type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod]) -> None:
         super().__init__()
 
         self.function = function

phasm/parser.py

@@ -32,8 +32,22 @@ from .ourlang import (
     UnaryOp,
     VariableReference,
 )
+from .type3 import typeclasses as type3typeclasses
 from .type3 import types as type3types
 
+PRELUDE_OPERATORS = {
+    **type3typeclasses.Eq.operators,
+    **type3typeclasses.Fractional.operators,
+    **type3typeclasses.Integral.operators,
+    **type3typeclasses.Num.operators,
+}
+
+PRELUDE_METHODS = {
+    **type3typeclasses.Eq.methods,
+    **type3typeclasses.Fractional.methods,
+    **type3typeclasses.Integral.methods,
+    **type3typeclasses.Num.methods,
+}
 
 def phasm_parse(source: str) -> Module:
     """
@@ -338,6 +352,8 @@ class OurVisitor:
 
     def visit_Module_FunctionDef_expr(self, module: Module, function: Function, our_locals: OurLocals, node: ast.expr) -> Expression:
         if isinstance(node, ast.BinOp):
+            operator: Union[str, type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod]
+
             if isinstance(node.op, ast.Add):
                 operator = '+'
             elif isinstance(node.op, ast.Sub):
@@ -359,6 +375,9 @@ class OurVisitor:
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError(f'Operator {node.op}')
 
+            if operator in PRELUDE_OPERATORS:
+                operator = PRELUDE_OPERATORS[operator]
+
             return BinaryOp(
                 operator,
                 self.visit_Module_FunctionDef_expr(module, function, our_locals, node.left),
@@ -391,6 +410,9 @@ class OurVisitor:
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError(f'Operator {node.ops}')
 
+            if operator in PRELUDE_OPERATORS:
+                operator = PRELUDE_OPERATORS[operator]
+
             return BinaryOp(
                 operator,
                 self.visit_Module_FunctionDef_expr(module, function, our_locals, node.left),
@@ -452,7 +474,11 @@ class OurVisitor:
         if not isinstance(node.func.ctx, ast.Load):
             _raise_static_error(node, 'Must be load context')
 
-        if node.func.id in module.struct_definitions:
+        func: Union[Function, type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod]
+
+        if node.func.id in PRELUDE_METHODS:
+            func = PRELUDE_METHODS[node.func.id]
+        elif node.func.id in module.struct_definitions:
             struct_definition = module.struct_definitions[node.func.id]
             struct_constructor = StructConstructor(struct_definition.struct_type3)
 
@@ -471,10 +497,12 @@ class OurVisitor:
             if 1 != len(node.args):
                 _raise_static_error(node, f'Function {node.func.id} requires 1 arguments but {len(node.args)} are given')
 
-            return UnaryOp(
+            unary_op = UnaryOp(
                 'cast',
                 self.visit_Module_FunctionDef_expr(module, function, our_locals, node.args[0]),
             )
+            unary_op.type3 = type3types.u32
+            return unary_op
         elif node.func.id == 'len':
             if 1 != len(node.args):
                 _raise_static_error(node, f'Function {node.func.id} requires 1 arguments but {len(node.args)} are given')
@@ -511,13 +539,15 @@ class OurVisitor:
 
             func = module.functions[node.func.id]
 
-        if len(func.posonlyargs) != len(node.args):
-            _raise_static_error(node, f'Function {node.func.id} requires {len(func.posonlyargs)} arguments but {len(node.args)} are given')
+        exp_arg_count = len(func.posonlyargs) if isinstance(func, Function) else len(func.signature) - 1
+
+        if exp_arg_count != len(node.args):
+            _raise_static_error(node, f'Function {node.func.id} requires {exp_arg_count} arguments but {len(node.args)} are given')
 
         result = FunctionCall(func)
         result.arguments.extend(
             self.visit_Module_FunctionDef_expr(module, function, our_locals, arg_expr)
-            for arg_expr, param in zip(node.args, func.posonlyargs)
+            for arg_expr in node.args
         )
         return result
 
@@ -675,7 +705,7 @@ def _not_implemented(check: Any, msg: str) -> None:
     if not check:
         raise NotImplementedError(msg)
 
-def _raise_static_error(node: Union[ast.mod, ast.stmt, ast.expr], msg: str) -> NoReturn:
+def _raise_static_error(node: Union[ast.stmt, ast.expr], msg: str) -> NoReturn:
     raise StaticError(
         f'Static error on line {node.lineno}: {msg}'
     )

phasm/stdlib/types.py

@@ -65,3 +65,99 @@ def __subscript_bytes__(g: Generator, adr: i32, ofs: i32) -> i32:
     g.return_()
 
     return i32('return') # To satisfy mypy
+
+def u8_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.eq')
+
+def u32_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.eq')
+
+def u64_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.eq')
+
+def i8_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.eq')
+
+def i32_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.eq')
+
+def i64_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.eq')
+
+def f32_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f32.eq')
+
+def f64_eq_equals(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f64.eq')
+
+def f32_fractional_div(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f32.div')
+
+def f64_fractional_div(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f64.div')
+
+def u32_integral_div(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.div_u')
+
+def u64_integral_div(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.div_u')
+
+def i32_integral_div(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.div_s')
+
+def i64_integral_div(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.div_s')
+
+def u32_num_add(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.add')
+
+def u64_num_add(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.add')
+
+def i32_num_add(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.add')
+
+def i64_num_add(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.add')
+
+def f32_num_add(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f32.add')
+
+def f64_num_add(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f64.add')
+
+def u32_num_sub(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.sub')
+
+def u64_num_sub(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.sub')
+
+def i32_num_sub(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.sub')
+
+def i64_num_sub(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.sub')
+
+def f32_num_sub(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f32.sub')
+
+def f64_num_sub(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f64.sub')
+
+def u32_num_mul(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.mul')
+
+def u64_num_mul(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.mul')
+
+def i32_num_mul(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i32.mul')
+
+def i64_num_mul(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('i64.mul')
+
+def f32_num_mul(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f32.mul')
+
+def f64_num_mul(g: Generator) -> None:
+    g.add_statement('f64.mul')

phasm/type3/constraints.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ These need to be resolved before the program can be compiled.
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 from .. import ourlang
-from . import types
+from . import typeclasses, types
 
 
 class Error:
@@ -288,21 +288,21 @@ class MustImplementTypeClassConstraint(ConstraintBase):
     """
     __slots__ = ('type_class3', 'type3', )
 
-    type_class3: str
+    type_class3: Union[str, typeclasses.Type3Class]
     type3: types.Type3OrPlaceholder
 
     DATA = {
-        'u8': {'BitWiseOperation', 'BasicMathOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
-        'u32': {'BitWiseOperation', 'BasicMathOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
-        'u64': {'BitWiseOperation', 'BasicMathOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
-        'i32': {'BasicMathOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
-        'i64': {'BasicMathOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
+        'u8': {'BitWiseOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
+        'u32': {'BitWiseOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
+        'u64': {'BitWiseOperation', 'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
+        'i32': {'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
+        'i64': {'EqualComparison', 'StrictPartialOrder'},
         'bytes': {'Foldable', 'Sized'},
-        'f32': {'BasicMathOperation', 'FloatingPoint'},
-        'f64': {'BasicMathOperation', 'FloatingPoint'},
+        'f32': {'Fractional', 'FloatingPoint'},
+        'f64': {'Fractional', 'FloatingPoint'},
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, type_class3: str, type3: types.Type3OrPlaceholder, comment: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, type_class3: Union[str, typeclasses.Type3Class], type3: types.Type3OrPlaceholder, comment: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(comment=comment)
 
         self.type_class3 = type_class3
@@ -316,6 +316,10 @@ class MustImplementTypeClassConstraint(ConstraintBase):
         if isinstance(typ, types.PlaceholderForType):
             return RequireTypeSubstitutes()
 
+        if isinstance(self.type_class3, typeclasses.Type3Class):
+            if self.type_class3 in typ.classes:
+                return None
+        else:
             if self.type_class3 in self.__class__.DATA.get(typ.name, set()):
                 return None
 
@@ -325,7 +329,7 @@ class MustImplementTypeClassConstraint(ConstraintBase):
         return (
             '{type3} derives {type_class3}',
             {
-                'type_class3': self.type_class3,
+                'type_class3': str(self.type_class3),
                 'type3': self.type3,
             },
         )

phasm/type3/constraintsgenerator.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ The constraints solver can then try to resolve all constraints.
 from typing import Generator, List
 
 from .. import ourlang
+from . import typeclasses as type3typeclasses
 from . import types as type3types
 from .constraints import (
     CanBeSubscriptedConstraint,
@@ -65,6 +66,37 @@ def expression(ctx: Context, inp: ourlang.Expression) -> ConstraintGenerator:
         raise NotImplementedError(expression, inp, inp.operator)
 
     if isinstance(inp, ourlang.BinaryOp):
+        if isinstance(inp.operator, type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod):
+            type_var_map = {
+                x: type3types.PlaceholderForType([])
+                for x in inp.operator.signature
+                if isinstance(x, type3typeclasses.TypeVariable)
+            }
+
+            yield from expression(ctx, inp.left)
+            yield from expression(ctx, inp.right)
+
+            for type_var in inp.operator.type3_class.args:
+                assert type_var in type_var_map # When can this happen?
+
+                yield MustImplementTypeClassConstraint(
+                    inp.operator.type3_class,
+                    type_var_map[type_var],
+                )
+
+            for sig_part, arg_expr in zip(inp.operator.signature, [inp.left, inp.right, inp]):
+                if isinstance(sig_part, type3typeclasses.TypeVariable):
+                    yield SameTypeConstraint(type_var_map[sig_part], arg_expr.type3)
+                    continue
+
+                if isinstance(sig_part, type3typeclasses.TypeReference):
+                    # On key error: We probably have to a lot of work to do refactoring
+                    # the type lookups
+                    exp_type = type3types.LOOKUP_TABLE[sig_part.name]
+                    yield SameTypeConstraint(exp_type, arg_expr.type3)
+                    continue
+            return
+
         if inp.operator in ('|', '&', '^', ):
             yield from expression(ctx, inp.left)
             yield from expression(ctx, inp.right)
@@ -83,15 +115,6 @@ def expression(ctx: Context, inp: ourlang.Expression) -> ConstraintGenerator:
                 comment=f'({inp.operator}) :: a -> a -> a')
             return
 
-        if inp.operator in ('+', '-', '*', '/', ):
-            yield from expression(ctx, inp.left)
-            yield from expression(ctx, inp.right)
-
-            yield MustImplementTypeClassConstraint('BasicMathOperation', inp.left.type3)
-            yield SameTypeConstraint(inp.left.type3, inp.right.type3, inp.type3,
-                comment=f'({inp.operator}) :: a -> a -> a')
-            return
-
         if inp.operator == '==':
             yield from expression(ctx, inp.left)
             yield from expression(ctx, inp.right)
@@ -117,6 +140,39 @@ def expression(ctx: Context, inp: ourlang.Expression) -> ConstraintGenerator:
         raise NotImplementedError(expression, inp)
 
     if isinstance(inp, ourlang.FunctionCall):
+        if isinstance(inp.function, type3typeclasses.Type3ClassMethod):
+            # FIXME: Duplicate code with BinaryOp
+
+            type_var_map = {
+                x: type3types.PlaceholderForType([])
+                for x in inp.function.signature
+                if isinstance(x, type3typeclasses.TypeVariable)
+            }
+
+            for call_arg in inp.arguments:
+                yield from expression(ctx, call_arg)
+
+            for type_var in inp.function.type3_class.args:
+                assert type_var in type_var_map # When can this happen?
+
+                yield MustImplementTypeClassConstraint(
+                    inp.function.type3_class,
+                    type_var_map[type_var],
+                )
+
+            for sig_part, arg_expr in zip(inp.function.signature, inp.arguments + [inp]):
+                if isinstance(sig_part, type3typeclasses.TypeVariable):
+                    yield SameTypeConstraint(type_var_map[sig_part], arg_expr.type3)
+                    continue
+
+                if isinstance(sig_part, type3typeclasses.TypeReference):
+                    # On key error: We probably have to a lot of work to do refactoring
+                    # the type lookups
+                    exp_type = type3types.LOOKUP_TABLE[sig_part.name]
+                    yield SameTypeConstraint(exp_type, arg_expr.type3)
+                    continue
+            return
+
         yield SameTypeConstraint(inp.function.returns_type3, inp.type3,
             comment=f'The type of a function call to {inp.function.name} is the same as the type that the function returns')
 

phasm/type3/typeclasses.py

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Mapping, Union
+
+
+class TypeVariable:
+    __slots__ = ('letter', )
+
+    letter: str
+
+    def __init__(self, letter: str) -> None:
+        assert len(letter) == 1, f'{letter} is not a valid type variable'
+        self.letter = letter
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.letter)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, TypeVariable):
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        return self.letter == other.letter
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'TypeVariable({repr(self.letter)})'
+
+class TypeReference:
+    __slots__ = ('name', )
+
+    name: str
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        assert len(name) > 1, f'{name} is not a valid type reference'
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.name)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, TypeReference):
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        return self.name == other.name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'TypeReference({repr(self.name)})'
+
+class Type3ClassMethod:
+    __slots__ = ('type3_class', 'name', 'signature', )
+
+    type3_class: 'Type3Class'
+    name: str
+    signature: List[Union[TypeReference, TypeVariable]]
+
+    def __init__(self, type3_class: 'Type3Class', name: str, signature: str) -> None:
+        self.type3_class = type3_class
+        self.name = name
+        self.signature = [
+            TypeVariable(x) if len(x) == 1 else TypeReference(x)
+            for x in signature.split(' -> ')
+        ]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'Type3ClassMethod({repr(self.type3_class)}, {repr(self.name)}, {repr(self.signature)})'
+
+class Type3Class:
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'args', 'methods', 'operators', )
+
+    name: str
+    args: List[TypeVariable]
+    methods: Dict[str, Type3ClassMethod]
+    operators: Dict[str, Type3ClassMethod]
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, args: Iterable[str], methods: Mapping[str, str], operators: Mapping[str, str]) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.args = [TypeVariable(x) for x in args]
+        self.methods = {
+            k: Type3ClassMethod(self, k, v)
+            for k, v in methods.items()
+        }
+        self.operators = {
+            k: Type3ClassMethod(self, k, v)
+            for k, v in operators.items()
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+Eq = Type3Class('Eq', ['a'], methods={}, operators={
+    '==': 'a -> a -> bool',
+})
+
+Fractional = Type3Class('Fractional', ['a'], methods={}, operators={
+    '/': 'a -> a -> a',
+})
+
+Integral = Type3Class('Eq', ['a'], methods={
+    'div': 'a -> a -> a',
+}, operators={})
+
+Num = Type3Class('Num', ['a'], methods={}, operators={
+    '+': 'a -> a -> a',
+    '-': 'a -> a -> a',
+    '*': 'a -> a -> a',
+})

phasm/type3/types.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ constraint generator works with.
 """
 from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Protocol, Union
 
+from .typeclasses import Eq, Fractional, Integral, Num, Type3Class
+
 TYPE3_ASSERTION_ERROR = 'You must call phasm_type3 after calling phasm_parse before you can call any other method'
 
 class ExpressionProtocol(Protocol):
@@ -22,18 +24,24 @@ class Type3:
     """
     Base class for the type3 types
     """
-    __slots__ = ('name', )
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'classes', )
 
     name: str
     """
     The name of the string, as parsed and outputted by codestyle.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+    classes: List[Type3Class]
+    """
+    The type classes that this type implements
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, classes: Iterable[Type3Class]) -> None:
         self.name = name
+        self.classes = [*classes]
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'Type3("{self.name}")'
+        return f'Type3({repr(self.name)}, {repr(self.classes)})'
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.name
@@ -79,7 +87,7 @@ class IntType3(Type3):
     value: int
 
     def __init__(self, value: int) -> None:
-        super().__init__(str(value))
+        super().__init__(str(value), [])
 
         assert 0 <= value
         self.value = value
@@ -164,7 +172,8 @@ class AppliedType3(Type3):
             base.name
             + ' ('
             + ') ('.join(str(x) for x in args) # FIXME: Do we need to redo the name on substitution?
-            + ')'
+            + ')',
+            []
         )
 
         self.base = base
@@ -213,7 +222,7 @@ class StructType3(Type3):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, members: Dict[str, Type3]) -> None:
-        super().__init__(name)
+        super().__init__(name, [])
 
         self.name = name
         self.members = dict(members)
@@ -221,38 +230,40 @@ class StructType3(Type3):
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f'StructType3(repr({self.name}), repr({self.members}))'
 
-none = PrimitiveType3('none')
+none = PrimitiveType3('none', [])
 """
 The none type, for when functions simply don't return anything. e.g., IO().
 """
 
-bool_ = PrimitiveType3('bool')
+bool_ = PrimitiveType3('bool', [])
 """
 The bool type, either True or False
+
+Suffixes with an underscores, as it's a Python builtin
 """
 
-u8 = PrimitiveType3('u8')
+u8 = PrimitiveType3('u8', [Eq, Integral])
 """
 The unsigned 8-bit integer type.
 
 Operations on variables employ modular arithmetic, with modulus 2^8.
 """
 
-u32 = PrimitiveType3('u32')
+u32 = PrimitiveType3('u32', [Eq, Integral, Num])
 """
 The unsigned 32-bit integer type.
 
 Operations on variables employ modular arithmetic, with modulus 2^32.
 """
 
-u64 = PrimitiveType3('u64')
+u64 = PrimitiveType3('u64', [Eq, Integral, Num])
 """
 The unsigned 64-bit integer type.
 
 Operations on variables employ modular arithmetic, with modulus 2^64.
 """
 
-i8 = PrimitiveType3('i8')
+i8 = PrimitiveType3('i8', [Eq, Integral])
 """
 The signed 8-bit integer type.
 
@@ -260,7 +271,7 @@ Operations on variables employ modular arithmetic, with modulus 2^8, but
 with the middel point being 0.
 """
 
-i32 = PrimitiveType3('i32')
+i32 = PrimitiveType3('i32', [Eq, Integral, Num])
 """
 The unsigned 32-bit integer type.
 
@@ -268,7 +279,7 @@ Operations on variables employ modular arithmetic, with modulus 2^32, but
 with the middel point being 0.
 """
 
-i64 = PrimitiveType3('i64')
+i64 = PrimitiveType3('i64', [Eq, Integral, Num])
 """
 The unsigned 64-bit integer type.
 
@@ -276,22 +287,22 @@ Operations on variables employ modular arithmetic, with modulus 2^64, but
 with the middel point being 0.
 """
 
-f32 = PrimitiveType3('f32')
+f32 = PrimitiveType3('f32', [Eq, Fractional, Num])
 """
 A 32-bits IEEE 754 float, of 32 bits width.
 """
 
-f64 = PrimitiveType3('f64')
+f64 = PrimitiveType3('f64', [Eq, Fractional, Num])
 """
 A 32-bits IEEE 754 float, of 64 bits width.
 """
 
-bytes = PrimitiveType3('bytes')
+bytes = PrimitiveType3('bytes', [])
 """
 This is a runtime-determined length piece of memory that can be indexed at runtime.
 """
 
-static_array = PrimitiveType3('static_array')
+static_array = PrimitiveType3('static_array', [])
 """
 This is a fixed length piece of memory that can be indexed at runtime.
 
@@ -299,7 +310,7 @@ It should be applied with one argument. It has a runtime-dynamic length
 of the same type repeated.
 """
 
-tuple = PrimitiveType3('tuple') # pylint: disable=W0622
+tuple = PrimitiveType3('tuple', []) # pylint: disable=W0622
 """
 This is a fixed length piece of memory.
 

requirements.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
-mypy==0.991
-pygments==2.12.0
-pytest==7.2.0
+marko==2.1.3
+mypy==1.15.0
+pygments==2.19.1
+pytest==8.3.5
 pytest-integration==0.2.2
-pywasm==1.0.7
-pywasm3==0.5.0
-ruff==0.1.5
-wasmer==1.1.0
-wasmer_compiler_cranelift==1.1.0
-wasmtime==3.0.0
+ruff==0.11.4
+
+
+wasmtime==31.0.0
+
+# TODO:
+# extism?
+# wasmedge
+
+# Check 2025-04-05
+# wasm3: minimal maintenance phase
+# py-wasm: last updated 6 years ago
+# wasmer-python: Not compatible with python3.12, last updated 2 years ago
+# WAVM: Last updated 3 years ago

stubs/pywasm/__init__.pyi

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-from . import binary
-from . import option
-from . import execution
-
-class Runtime:
-    store: execution.Store
-
-    def __init__(self, module: binary.Module, imps: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, opts: Optional[option.Option] = None):
-        ...
-
-    def exec(self, name: str, args: List[Union[int, float]]) -> Any:
-        ...

stubs/pywasm/binary.pyi

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-from typing import BinaryIO
-
-class Module:
-    @classmethod
-    def from_reader(cls, reader: BinaryIO) -> 'Module':
-        ...

stubs/pywasm/execution.pyi

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-from typing import List
-
-class Result:
-    ...
-
-class MemoryInstance:
-    data: bytearray
-
-class Store:
-    memory_list: List[MemoryInstance]

stubs/pywasm/option.pyi

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-class Option:
-    ...

stubs/wasm3.pyi

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable
-
-class Module:
-    ...
-
-class Runtime:
-    ...
-
-    def load(self, wasm_bin: Module) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    def get_memory(self, memid: int) -> memoryview:
-        ...
-
-    def find_function(self, name: str) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
-        ...
-
-class Environment:
-    def new_runtime(self, mem_size: int) -> Runtime:
-        ...
-
-    def parse_module(self, wasm_bin: bytes) -> Module:
-        ...

stubs/wasmer.pyi

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Callable, Union
-
-def wat2wasm(inp: str) -> bytes:
-    ...
-
-class Store:
-    ...
-
-class Function:
-    def __init__(self, store: Store, func: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
-        ...
-
-class Module:
-    def __init__(self, store: Store, wasm: bytes) -> None:
-        ...
-
-class Uint8Array:
-    def __getitem__(self, index: Union[int, slice]) -> int:
-        ...
-
-    def __setitem__(self, idx: int, value: int) -> None:
-        ...
-
-class Memory:
-    def uint8_view(self, offset: int = 0) -> Uint8Array:
-        ...
-
-class Exports:
-    ...
-
-class ImportObject:
-    def register(self, region: str, values: Dict[str, Function]) -> None:
-        ...
-
-class Instance:
-    exports: Exports
-
-    def __init__(self, module: Module, imports: ImportObject) -> None:
-        ...

tests/integration/helpers.py

@@ -16,10 +16,7 @@ class SuiteResult:
         self.returned_value = None
 
 RUNNER_CLASS_MAP = {
-    'pywasm': runners.RunnerPywasm,
-    'pywasm3': runners.RunnerPywasm3,
     'wasmtime': runners.RunnerWasmtime,
-    'wasmer': runners.RunnerWasmer,
 }
 
 class Suite:
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ class Suite:
     def __init__(self, code_py: str) -> None:
         self.code_py = code_py
 
-    def run_code(self, *args: Any, runtime: str = 'pywasm3', func_name: str = 'testEntry', imports: runners.Imports = None) -> Any:
+    def run_code(self, *args: Any, runtime: str = 'wasmtime', func_name: str = 'testEntry', imports: runners.Imports = None, do_format_check: bool = True) -> Any:
         """
         Compiles the given python code into wasm and
         then runs it
@@ -50,11 +47,11 @@ class Suite:
         write_header(sys.stderr, 'Assembly')
         runner.dump_wasm_wat(sys.stderr)
 
-        runner.compile_wasm()
         runner.interpreter_setup()
         runner.interpreter_load(imports)
 
         # Check if code formatting works
+        if do_format_check:
             assert self.code_py == '\n' + phasm_render(runner.phasm_ast) # \n for formatting in tests
 
         func_args = [x.type3 for x in runner.phasm_ast.functions[func_name].posonlyargs]
@@ -252,6 +249,10 @@ def _load_memory_stored_returned_value(
     if ret_type3 is type3types.none:
         return None
 
+    if ret_type3 is type3types.bool_:
+        assert isinstance(wasm_value, int), wasm_value
+        return 0 != wasm_value
+
     if ret_type3 in (type3types.i32, type3types.i64):
         assert isinstance(wasm_value, int), wasm_value
         return wasm_value

tests/integration/runners.py

@@ -2,12 +2,8 @@
 Runners to help run WebAssembly code on various interpreters
 """
 import ctypes
-import io
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Optional, TextIO
 
-import pywasm.binary
-import wasm3
-import wasmer
 import wasmtime
 
 from phasm import ourlang, wasm
@@ -65,7 +61,7 @@ class RunnerBase:
         """
         Compiles the WebAssembly AST into WebAssembly Binary
         """
-        self.wasm_bin = wasmer.wat2wasm(self.wasm_asm)
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
     def interpreter_setup(self) -> None:
         """
@@ -103,77 +99,6 @@ class RunnerBase:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-class RunnerPywasm(RunnerBase):
-    """
-    Implements a runner for pywasm
-
-    See https://pypi.org/project/pywasm/
-    """
-    module: pywasm.binary.Module
-    runtime: pywasm.Runtime
-
-    def interpreter_setup(self) -> None:
-        # Nothing to set up
-        pass
-
-    def interpreter_load(self, imports: Optional[Dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any]]] = None) -> None:
-        if imports is not None:
-            raise NotImplementedError
-
-        bytesio = io.BytesIO(self.wasm_bin)
-        self.module = pywasm.binary.Module.from_reader(bytesio)
-        self.runtime = pywasm.Runtime(self.module, {}, None)
-
-    def interpreter_write_memory(self, offset: int, data: Iterable[int]) -> None:
-        for idx, byt in enumerate(data):
-            self.runtime.store.memory_list[0].data[offset + idx] = byt
-
-    def interpreter_read_memory(self, offset: int, length: int) -> bytes:
-        return self.runtime.store.memory_list[0].data[offset:length]
-
-    def interpreter_dump_memory(self, textio: TextIO) -> None:
-        _dump_memory(textio, self.runtime.store.memory_list[0].data)
-
-    def call(self, function: str, *args: Any) -> Any:
-        return self.runtime.exec(function, [*args])
-
-class RunnerPywasm3(RunnerBase):
-    """
-    Implements a runner for pywasm3
-
-    See https://pypi.org/project/pywasm3/
-    """
-    env: wasm3.Environment
-    rtime: wasm3.Runtime
-    mod: wasm3.Module
-
-    def interpreter_setup(self) -> None:
-        self.env = wasm3.Environment()
-        self.rtime = self.env.new_runtime(1024 * 1024)
-
-    def interpreter_load(self, imports: Optional[Dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any]]] = None) -> None:
-        if imports is not None:
-            raise NotImplementedError
-
-        self.mod = self.env.parse_module(self.wasm_bin)
-        self.rtime.load(self.mod)
-
-    def interpreter_write_memory(self, offset: int, data: Iterable[int]) -> None:
-        memory = self.rtime.get_memory(0)
-
-        for idx, byt in enumerate(data):
-            memory[offset + idx] = byt
-
-    def interpreter_read_memory(self, offset: int, length: int) -> bytes:
-        memory = self.rtime.get_memory(0)
-        return memory[offset:offset + length].tobytes()
-
-    def interpreter_dump_memory(self, textio: TextIO) -> None:
-        _dump_memory(textio, self.rtime.get_memory(0))
-
-    def call(self, function: str, *args: Any) -> Any:
-        return self.rtime.find_function(function)(*args)
-
 class RunnerWasmtime(RunnerBase):
     """
     Implements a runner for wasmtime
@@ -184,15 +109,44 @@ class RunnerWasmtime(RunnerBase):
     module: wasmtime.Module
     instance: wasmtime.Instance
 
+    @classmethod
+    def func2type(cls, func: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> wasmtime.FuncType:
+        params: list[wasmtime.ValType] = []
+
+        code = func.__code__
+        for idx in range(code.co_argcount):
+            varname = code.co_varnames[idx]
+            vartype = func.__annotations__[varname]
+
+            if vartype is int:
+                params.append(wasmtime.ValType.i32())
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+        results: list[wasmtime.ValType] = []
+        if func.__annotations__['return'] is None:
+            pass # No return value
+        elif func.__annotations__['return'] is int:
+            results.append(wasmtime.ValType.i32())
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError('Return type', func.__annotations__['return'])
+
+        return wasmtime.FuncType(params, results)
+
     def interpreter_setup(self) -> None:
         self.store = wasmtime.Store()
 
     def interpreter_load(self, imports: Optional[Dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any]]] = None) -> None:
-        if imports is not None:
-            raise NotImplementedError
+        functions: list[wasmtime.Func] = []
 
-        self.module = wasmtime.Module(self.store.engine, self.wasm_bin)
-        self.instance = wasmtime.Instance(self.store, self.module, [])
+        if imports is not None:
+            functions = [
+                wasmtime.Func(self.store, self.__class__.func2type(f), f)
+                for f in imports.values()
+            ]
+
+        self.module = wasmtime.Module(self.store.engine, self.wasm_asm)
+        self.instance = wasmtime.Instance(self.store, self.module, functions)
 
     def interpreter_write_memory(self, offset: int, data: Iterable[int]) -> None:
         exports = self.instance.exports(self.store)
@@ -217,8 +171,7 @@ class RunnerWasmtime(RunnerBase):
         data_len = memory.data_len(self.store)
 
         raw = ctypes.string_at(data_ptr, data_len)
-
-        return raw[offset:length]
+        return raw[offset:offset + length]
 
     def interpreter_dump_memory(self, textio: TextIO) -> None:
         exports = self.instance.exports(self.store)
@@ -237,63 +190,6 @@ class RunnerWasmtime(RunnerBase):
 
         return func(self.store, *args)
 
-class RunnerWasmer(RunnerBase):
-    """
-    Implements a runner for wasmer
-
-    See https://pypi.org/project/wasmer/
-    """
-
-    # pylint: disable=E1101
-
-    store: wasmer.Store
-    module: wasmer.Module
-    instance: wasmer.Instance
-
-    def interpreter_setup(self) -> None:
-        self.store = wasmer.Store()
-
-    def interpreter_load(self, imports: Optional[Dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any]]] = None) -> None:
-        import_object = wasmer.ImportObject()
-        if imports:
-            import_object.register('imports', {
-                k: wasmer.Function(self.store, v)
-                for k, v in (imports or {}).items()
-            })
-
-        self.module = wasmer.Module(self.store, self.wasm_bin)
-        self.instance = wasmer.Instance(self.module, import_object)
-
-    def interpreter_write_memory(self, offset: int, data: Iterable[int]) -> None:
-        exports = self.instance.exports
-        memory = getattr(exports, 'memory')
-        assert isinstance(memory, wasmer.Memory)
-        view = memory.uint8_view(offset)
-
-        for idx, byt in enumerate(data):
-            view[idx] = byt
-
-    def interpreter_read_memory(self, offset: int, length: int) -> bytes:
-        exports = self.instance.exports
-        memory = getattr(exports, 'memory')
-        assert isinstance(memory, wasmer.Memory)
-        view = memory.uint8_view(offset)
-        return bytes(view[offset:length])
-
-    def interpreter_dump_memory(self, textio: TextIO) -> None:
-        exports = self.instance.exports
-        memory = getattr(exports, 'memory')
-        assert isinstance(memory, wasmer.Memory)
-        view = memory.uint8_view()
-
-        _dump_memory(textio, view) # type: ignore
-
-    def call(self, function: str, *args: Any) -> Any:
-        exports = self.instance.exports
-        func = getattr(exports, function)
-
-        return func(*args)
-
 def _dump_memory(textio: TextIO, mem: bytes) -> None:
     line_width = 16
 

tests/integration/test_examples/test_buffer.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def test_index():
     with open('examples/buffer.py', 'r', encoding='ASCII') as fil:
         code_py = "\n" + fil.read()
 
-    result = Suite(code_py).run_code(b'Hello, world!', 5, func_name='index', runtime='wasmtime')
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code(b'Hello, world!', 5, func_name='index')
     assert 44 == result.returned_value
 
 @pytest.mark.slow_integration_test

tests/integration/test_examples/test_crc32.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import binascii
-
 import pytest
 
 from ..helpers import Suite
@@ -7,28 +5,15 @@ from ..helpers import Suite
 
 @pytest.mark.slow_integration_test
 def test_crc32():
-    # FIXME: Stub
-    # crc = 0xFFFFFFFF
-    # byt = 0x61
-    # => (crc >> 8) ^ _CRC32_Table[(crc & 0xFF) ^ byt]
-    # (crc >> 8) = 0x00FFFFFF
-    # => 0x00FFFFFF ^ _CRC32_Table[(crc & 0xFF) ^ byt]
-    # (crc & 0xFF) = 0xFF
-    # => 0x00FFFFFF ^ _CRC32_Table[0xFF ^ byt]
-    # 0xFF ^ 0x61 = 0x9E
-    # => 0x00FFFFFF ^ _CRC32_Table[0x9E]
-    # _CRC32_Table[0x9E] = 0x17b7be43
-    # => 0x00FFFFFF ^ 0x17b7be43
+    with open('examples/crc32.py', 'r', encoding='ASCII') as fil:
+        code_py = "\n" + fil.read()
 
-    code_py = """
-def _crc32_f(crc: u32, byt: u8) -> u32:
-    return 16777215 ^ 397917763
+    # https://reveng.sourceforge.io/crc-catalogue/legend.htm#crc.legend.params
+    in_put = b'123456789'
 
-def testEntry(data: bytes) -> u32:
-    return 4294967295 ^ _crc32_f(4294967295, data[0])
-"""
-    exp_result = binascii.crc32(b'a')
+    # https://reveng.sourceforge.io/crc-catalogue/17plus.htm#crc.cat.crc-32-iso-hdlc
+    check = 0xcbf43926
 
-    result = Suite(code_py).run_code(b'a')
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code(in_put, func_name='crc32', do_format_check=False)
 
-    assert exp_result == result.returned_value
+    assert check == result.returned_value

tests/integration/test_lang/generator.py

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ def generate_code(markdown, template, settings):
     print()
     print('from ..helpers import Suite')
     print()
+    print()
 
     for test in get_tests(template):
         assert len(test) == 4, test
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ def generate_code(markdown, template, settings):
         print('@pytest.mark.integration_test')
         print(f'def test_{type_name}_{test_id}():')
         print('    """')
-        print('    ' + user_story.replace('\n', '\n    '))
+        print('    ' + user_story.strip().replace('\n', '\n    '))
         print('    """')
         print('    code_py = """')
         if 'CODE_HEADER' in settings:

tests/integration/test_lang/test_builtins.py

@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ import sys
 import pytest
 
 from ..helpers import Suite, write_header
-from ..runners import RunnerPywasm
+from ..runners import RunnerWasmtime
 
 
-def setup_interpreter(phash_code: str) -> RunnerPywasm:
-    runner = RunnerPywasm(phash_code)
+def setup_interpreter(phash_code: str) -> RunnerWasmtime:
+    runner = RunnerWasmtime(phash_code)
 
     runner.parse()
     runner.compile_ast()
     runner.compile_wat()
-    runner.compile_wasm()
     runner.interpreter_setup()
     runner.interpreter_load()
 
@@ -38,16 +37,16 @@ def testEntry(b: bytes) -> u8:
     result = suite.run_code(b'')
     assert 128 == result.returned_value
 
-    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80', runtime='pywasm')
+    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80')
     assert 128 == result.returned_value
 
-    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80\x40', runtime='pywasm')
+    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80\x40')
     assert 192 == result.returned_value
 
-    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80\x40\x20\x10', runtime='pywasm')
+    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80\x40\x20\x10')
     assert 240 == result.returned_value
 
-    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80\x40\x20\x10\x08\x04\x02\x01', runtime='pywasm')
+    result = suite.run_code(b'\x80\x40\x20\x10\x08\x04\x02\x01')
     assert 255 == result.returned_value
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test

tests/integration/test_lang/test_eq.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import pytest
+
+from phasm.type3.entry import Type3Exception
+
+from ..helpers import Suite
+
+INT_TYPES = ['u8', 'u32', 'u64', 'i8', 'i32', 'i64']
+FLOAT_TYPES = ['f32', 'f64']
+
+TYPE_MAP = {
+    'u8': int,
+    'u32': int,
+    'u64': int,
+    'i8': int,
+    'i32': int,
+    'i64': int,
+    'f32': float,
+    'f64': float,
+}
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+def test_equals_not_implemented():
+    code_py = """
+class Foo:
+    val: i32
+
+@exported
+def testEntry(x: Foo, y: Foo) -> Foo:
+    return x + y
+"""
+
+    with pytest.raises(Type3Exception, match='Foo does not implement the Num type class'):
+        Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', INT_TYPES)
+def test_equals_int_same(type_):
+    code_py = f"""
+CONSTANT0: {type_} = 10
+
+CONSTANT1: {type_} = 10
+
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> bool:
+    return CONSTANT0 == CONSTANT1
+"""
+
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+    assert True is result.returned_value
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', INT_TYPES)
+def test_equals_int_different(type_):
+    code_py = f"""
+CONSTANT0: {type_} = 10
+
+CONSTANT1: {type_} = 3
+
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> bool:
+    return CONSTANT0 == CONSTANT1
+"""
+
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+    assert False is result.returned_value
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', FLOAT_TYPES)
+def test_equals_float_same(type_):
+    code_py = f"""
+CONSTANT0: {type_} = 10.125
+
+CONSTANT1: {type_} = 10.125
+
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> bool:
+    return CONSTANT0 == CONSTANT1
+"""
+
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+    assert True is result.returned_value
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', FLOAT_TYPES)
+def test_equals_float_different(type_):
+    code_py = f"""
+CONSTANT0: {type_} = 10.32
+
+CONSTANT1: {type_} = 10.33
+
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> bool:
+    return CONSTANT0 == CONSTANT1
+"""
+
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+    assert False is result.returned_value

tests/integration/test_lang/test_fractional.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def testEntry() -> {type_}:
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', TYPE_LIST)
-def test_division_zero_let_it_crash_float(type_):
+def test_division_float_follow_ieee_so_inf_pos(type_):
     code_py = f"""
 @exported
 def testEntry() -> {type_}:
@@ -31,3 +31,17 @@ def testEntry() -> {type_}:
     # https://www.w3.org/TR/wasm-core-1/#-hrefop-fdivmathrmfdiv_n-z_1-z_2
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
     assert float('+inf') == result.returned_value
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', TYPE_LIST)
+def test_division_float_follow_ieee_so_inf_neg(type_):
+    code_py = f"""
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> {type_}:
+    return -10.0 / 0.0
+"""
+
+    # WebAssembly dictates that float division follows the IEEE rules
+    # https://www.w3.org/TR/wasm-core-1/#-hrefop-fdivmathrmfdiv_n-z_1-z_2
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+    assert float('-inf') == result.returned_value

tests/integration/test_lang/test_imports.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ def testEntry() -> i32:
         return 4238 * mul
 
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code(
-        runtime='wasmer',
         imports={
             'helper': helper,
         }
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ def testEntry() -> None:
         prop = mul
 
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code(
-        runtime='wasmer',
         imports={
             'helper': helper,
         }
@@ -73,7 +71,6 @@ def testEntry(x: u32) -> u8:
 
     with pytest.raises(Type3Exception, match=r'u32 must be u8 instead'):
         Suite(code_py).run_code(
-            runtime='wasmer',
             imports={
                 'helper': helper,
             }

tests/integration/test_lang/test_integral.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def test_division_int(type_):
     code_py = f"""
 @exported
 def testEntry() -> {type_}:
-    return 10 / 3
+    return div(10, 3)
 """
 
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_division_zero_let_it_crash_int(type_):
     code_py = f"""
 @exported
 def testEntry() -> {type_}:
-    return 10 / 0
+    return div(10, 0)
 """
 
     # WebAssembly dictates that integer division is a partial operator (e.g. unreachable for 0)

tests/integration/test_lang/test_num.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import pytest
 
+from phasm.type3.entry import Type3Exception
+
 from ..helpers import Suite
 
 INT_TYPES = ['u32', 'u64', 'i32', 'i64']
@@ -14,6 +16,20 @@ TYPE_MAP = {
     'f64': float,
 }
 
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+def test_addition_not_implemented():
+    code_py = """
+class Foo:
+    val: i32
+
+@exported
+def testEntry(x: Foo, y: Foo) -> Foo:
+    return x + y
+"""
+
+    with pytest.raises(Type3Exception, match='Foo does not implement the Num type class'):
+        Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', INT_TYPES)
 def test_addition_int(type_):
@@ -26,7 +42,7 @@ def testEntry() -> {type_}:
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
 
     assert 13 == result.returned_value
-    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] is type(result.returned_value)
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', FLOAT_TYPES)
@@ -40,7 +56,7 @@ def testEntry() -> {type_}:
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
 
     assert 32.125 == result.returned_value
-    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] is type(result.returned_value)
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', INT_TYPES)
@@ -54,7 +70,7 @@ def testEntry() -> {type_}:
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
 
     assert 7 == result.returned_value
-    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] is type(result.returned_value)
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', FLOAT_TYPES)
@@ -68,23 +84,59 @@ def testEntry() -> {type_}:
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
 
     assert 32.125 == result.returned_value
-    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] is type(result.returned_value)
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
-@pytest.mark.skip('TODO: Runtimes return a signed value, which is difficult to test')
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', ('u32', 'u64')) # FIXME: u8
-def test_subtraction_underflow(type_):
-    code_py = f"""
+def test_subtraction_negative_result():
+    code_py = """
 @exported
-def testEntry() -> {type_}:
+def testEntry() -> i32:
     return 10 - 11
 """
 
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
 
-    assert 0 < result.returned_value
+    assert -1 == result.returned_value
 
-# TODO: Multiplication
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+def test_subtraction_underflow():
+    code_py = """
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> u32:
+    return 10 - 11
+"""
+
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+    assert 4294967295 == result.returned_value
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', INT_TYPES)
+def test_multiplication_int(type_):
+    code_py = f"""
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> {type_}:
+    return 10 * 3
+"""
+
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+    assert 30 == result.returned_value
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
+
+@pytest.mark.integration_test
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', FLOAT_TYPES)
+def test_multiplication_float(type_):
+    code_py = f"""
+@exported
+def testEntry() -> {type_}:
+    return 32.0 * 0.125
+"""
+
+    result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
+
+    assert 4.0 == result.returned_value
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', INT_TYPES)
@@ -101,7 +153,7 @@ def helper(left: {type_}, right: {type_}) -> {type_}:
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
 
     assert 22 == result.returned_value
-    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] is type(result.returned_value)
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_', FLOAT_TYPES)
@@ -118,4 +170,4 @@ def helper(left: {type_}, right: {type_}) -> {type_}:
     result = Suite(code_py).run_code()
 
     assert 32.125 == result.returned_value
-    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] == type(result.returned_value)
+    assert TYPE_MAP[type_] is type(result.returned_value)

tests/integration/test_lang/test_static_array.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import pytest
+import wasmtime
 
 from phasm.type3.entry import Type3Exception
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ def testEntry(x: u32) -> u8:
     return CONSTANT[x]
 """
 
-    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+    with pytest.raises(wasmtime.Trap):
         Suite(code_py).run_code(3)
 
 @pytest.mark.integration_test

tests/integration/test_lang/test_tuple.py

@@ -74,11 +74,9 @@ CONSTANT: (u32, u8, u8, ) = (24, 4000, 1, )
 @pytest.mark.integration_test
 def test_tuple_must_use_literal_for_indexing():
     code_py = """
-CONSTANT: u32 = 0
-
 @exported
-def testEntry(x: (u8, u32, u64)) -> u64:
-    return x[CONSTANT]
+def testEntry(x: (u8, u32, u64), y: u8) -> u64:
+    return x[y]
 """
 
     with pytest.raises(Type3Exception, match='Must index with literal'):

tests/integration/test_stdlib/test_alloc.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import sys
 import pytest
 
 from ..helpers import write_header
-from ..runners import RunnerPywasm3 as Runner
+from ..runners import RunnerWasmtime as Runner
 
 
 def setup_interpreter(phash_code: str) -> Runner:
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ def setup_interpreter(phash_code: str) -> Runner:
     runner.parse()
     runner.compile_ast()
     runner.compile_wat()
-    runner.compile_wasm()
     runner.interpreter_setup()
     runner.interpreter_load()
 

wat2wasm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import sys
+
+from wasmtime import wat2wasm
+
+def main(_prog: str, inp: str, _dash_o: str, out: str) -> None:
+	with open(inp, 'rb') as inp_obj:
+		with open(out, 'wb') as out_obj:
+			out_obj.write(wat2wasm(inp_obj.read()))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+	main(*sys.argv)